Complex analysis of GPR signalsfor the delineation of subsurface subtle features
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In this paper, complex signal analyses of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data over an area of farmland in Krakow were interpreted alongside the basic filtered field data. The farmland was simulated with var-ying degrees of soil compaction induced by tractor movement. The focus of the study was the delineation of in-herent characteristics of media through which the electromagnetic energy travelled. Fourteen GPR profiles were acquired from the area. The field data were subjected to pre- and post-processing prior to its the presentation and interpretation. Advance analysis operations on the field data which resorted in different attributes reveal more about the effects of the compaction on the soil than indicated by the basic filtered field data. Better resolution of subsurface layers boundary and lateral variation in the physical properties of the traversing media were well elu-cidated. The results have demonstrated that an advanced signal processing such as used in the study has ability to depict subtle characteristics of the propagating media.
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Bibliografia
Akinsunmade A., Karczewski J., Pysz P., Tomecka-Suchoń S. & Uhl T., 2019a. Identification of heavy machines impact on soil using Ground Penetrating Radar. [in:] Uhl T. (ed.), Advances in mechanism and machine science: proceedings of the 15th IFToMM World Congress on Mechanism and Machine science: [June 30–July 4, 2019, Krakow, Poland], Springer Nature Switzerland, 3741–3748.
Akinsunmade A., Tomecka-Suchoń S. & Pysz P. 2019b. Correlation between agrotechnical properties of selected soil types and corresponding GPR response. Acta Geophysica, 67, 6, 1913–1919.
Barnes A.E., 1991. Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at the envelope peak of a constant-phase wavelet. Geophysics, 56, 1058–1060.
Barnes A.E., 1993. Instantaneous spectral bandwidth and dominant frequency with application to seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 58, 419–428.
Barnes A.E., 2007. A tutorial on complex seismic trace analysis. Geophysics, 72, W33–W43.
Barnes A.E. (ed.), 2016. Handbook of Poststack Seismic Attributes. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa.
Cerquera M.R.P., Montaño J.D.C. & Mondragón I., 2017. UAV for Landmine Detection Using SDR-Based GPR Technology. [in:] Canbolat H. (ed.), Robots Operating in Hazardous Environments, IntechOpen, 25–58.
Daniels D.J., 2004. Ground Penetrating Radar. 2nd ed. The Institute of Electrical Engineers, London.
Delbo S., Gamba P. & Roccato D., 2000. A fuzzy shell clustering approach to recognize hyperbolic signatures in subsurface radar images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38, 1447–1451.
dGBBeheer B.V., 2014. Introduction to OpendTect & OpendTect Pro. Training manual, 115–229, [on-line:] http:// www.dgbes.com.
Gao J., Wang W. & Zhu G., 1997. Wavelets transform and signal instantaneous characteristics. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 40, 832–840.
Huisman J.A., Hubbard S.S., Redman J.D. & Annan A.P. 2003. Measuring soil water content with ground penetrating radar. Vadose Zone Journal, 2, 4, 476–491.
Jol H.M. (ed.), 2009. Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Jonard F., Weihermüller L., Vereecken H. & Lambot S., 2012. Accounting for soil surface roughness in the inversion of ultrawideband off-ground GPR signal for soil moisture retrieval. Geophysics, 77, H1–H7.
Liu L. & Oristaglio M., 1998. GPR signal analysis: Instantaneous parameter estimation using the wavelet transforms. [in:] Proceedings – GPR ‘98, Seventh International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar: May 27–30, 1998, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Vol. 1, Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 219–224.
Manu E., Preko K. & Wemegah D.D., 2014. Estimation of Water table depths and local water flow pattern using ground penetrating radar. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4, 8, 2250–3153.
Marcak H., Tomecka-Suchoń S., Czarny R., Pysz P., Akinsunmade A. & Kril T., 2018. GPR ground-wave parameters changes due to variation of soil moisture. E3S Web of Conferences, 66, 01003.
Muñiz E., Shaw R.K., Gimenez D., Williams C.A. & Kenny L., 2016. Use of ground-penetrating radar to determine depth to compacted layer in soils under pasture. [in:] Hartemink A.E. & Minasny B. (eds.), Digital Soil Morphometrics, Springer, 411–421.
Matheney M.P. & Norwack R.L., 1995. Seismic attenuation values obtained from instantaneous-frequency matching and spectral ratios. Geophysical Journal International, 123, 1–15.
Orlando L., 2002. Detection and analysis of LNAPL using the instantaneous amplitude and Frequency of ground-penetrating radar data. Geophysical Prospecting, 50, 1, 27–41.
Qiao L., Qin Y., Ren X. & Wang Q., 2015. Identification of buried objects in GPR using amplitude modulated signals extracted from multiresolution monogenic signal analysis. Sensors, 15, 30340–30350.
Sandmeier K.J., 2012. REFLEXW Version 7.0. Windows™ 9x/NT/2000/XP/7-program for the processing of seismic, acoustic or electromagnetic reflection, refraction and transmission data.
Taner M.T., 2001. Seismic attributes. CSEG Recorder, 26, 49–56.
Tomecka-Suchoń S.& Marcak H., 2015. Interpretation of Ground Penetrating Radar Attributes in identifying the risk of Mining Subsidence. Archives of Mining Sciences, 60, 2, 645–656.
Tomecka-Suchoń S., 2019. Correction to: Ground penetrating radar use in flood prevention. Acta Geophysica, 67, 6, 1679–1691.
Vinicius R.N., Dos Santos W., Al-Nuaimy J., Porsani L., Tomiata H.N.S. & Alzubi H.S., 2013. Spectral analysis of ground penetrating radar signals in concrete, metallic and plastic targets. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 100, 32–43.
Akinsunmade A., Tomecka-Suchoń S. & Pysz P. 2019b. Correlation between agrotechnical properties of selected soil types and corresponding GPR response. Acta Geophysica, 67, 6, 1913–1919.
Barnes A.E., 1991. Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at the envelope peak of a constant-phase wavelet. Geophysics, 56, 1058–1060.
Barnes A.E., 1993. Instantaneous spectral bandwidth and dominant frequency with application to seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 58, 419–428.
Barnes A.E., 2007. A tutorial on complex seismic trace analysis. Geophysics, 72, W33–W43.
Barnes A.E. (ed.), 2016. Handbook of Poststack Seismic Attributes. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa.
Cerquera M.R.P., Montaño J.D.C. & Mondragón I., 2017. UAV for Landmine Detection Using SDR-Based GPR Technology. [in:] Canbolat H. (ed.), Robots Operating in Hazardous Environments, IntechOpen, 25–58.
Daniels D.J., 2004. Ground Penetrating Radar. 2nd ed. The Institute of Electrical Engineers, London.
Delbo S., Gamba P. & Roccato D., 2000. A fuzzy shell clustering approach to recognize hyperbolic signatures in subsurface radar images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38, 1447–1451.
dGBBeheer B.V., 2014. Introduction to OpendTect & OpendTect Pro. Training manual, 115–229, [on-line:] http:// www.dgbes.com.
Gao J., Wang W. & Zhu G., 1997. Wavelets transform and signal instantaneous characteristics. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 40, 832–840.
Huisman J.A., Hubbard S.S., Redman J.D. & Annan A.P. 2003. Measuring soil water content with ground penetrating radar. Vadose Zone Journal, 2, 4, 476–491.
Jol H.M. (ed.), 2009. Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Jonard F., Weihermüller L., Vereecken H. & Lambot S., 2012. Accounting for soil surface roughness in the inversion of ultrawideband off-ground GPR signal for soil moisture retrieval. Geophysics, 77, H1–H7.
Liu L. & Oristaglio M., 1998. GPR signal analysis: Instantaneous parameter estimation using the wavelet transforms. [in:] Proceedings – GPR ‘98, Seventh International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar: May 27–30, 1998, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Vol. 1, Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 219–224.
Manu E., Preko K. & Wemegah D.D., 2014. Estimation of Water table depths and local water flow pattern using ground penetrating radar. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4, 8, 2250–3153.
Marcak H., Tomecka-Suchoń S., Czarny R., Pysz P., Akinsunmade A. & Kril T., 2018. GPR ground-wave parameters changes due to variation of soil moisture. E3S Web of Conferences, 66, 01003.
Muñiz E., Shaw R.K., Gimenez D., Williams C.A. & Kenny L., 2016. Use of ground-penetrating radar to determine depth to compacted layer in soils under pasture. [in:] Hartemink A.E. & Minasny B. (eds.), Digital Soil Morphometrics, Springer, 411–421.
Matheney M.P. & Norwack R.L., 1995. Seismic attenuation values obtained from instantaneous-frequency matching and spectral ratios. Geophysical Journal International, 123, 1–15.
Orlando L., 2002. Detection and analysis of LNAPL using the instantaneous amplitude and Frequency of ground-penetrating radar data. Geophysical Prospecting, 50, 1, 27–41.
Qiao L., Qin Y., Ren X. & Wang Q., 2015. Identification of buried objects in GPR using amplitude modulated signals extracted from multiresolution monogenic signal analysis. Sensors, 15, 30340–30350.
Sandmeier K.J., 2012. REFLEXW Version 7.0. Windows™ 9x/NT/2000/XP/7-program for the processing of seismic, acoustic or electromagnetic reflection, refraction and transmission data.
Taner M.T., 2001. Seismic attributes. CSEG Recorder, 26, 49–56.
Tomecka-Suchoń S.& Marcak H., 2015. Interpretation of Ground Penetrating Radar Attributes in identifying the risk of Mining Subsidence. Archives of Mining Sciences, 60, 2, 645–656.
Tomecka-Suchoń S., 2019. Correction to: Ground penetrating radar use in flood prevention. Acta Geophysica, 67, 6, 1679–1691.
Vinicius R.N., Dos Santos W., Al-Nuaimy J., Porsani L., Tomiata H.N.S. & Alzubi H.S., 2013. Spectral analysis of ground penetrating radar signals in concrete, metallic and plastic targets. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 100, 32–43.
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Jan 25, 2020
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Akinsunmade, A., Tomecka-Suchoń, S., & Pysz, P. (2020). Complex analysis of GPR signalsfor the delineation of subsurface subtle features. Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 45(4), 257. https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.4.257
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