BPA – an endocrine disrupting compound in water used for drinking purposes,a snapshot from South Poland
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Keywords
Abstrakt
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. As an endocrine-disrupting compound, it has been included in the list of substances requiring special supervision as a very high-risk substance due to its toxic influence on reproduction. BPA with a reference value of 0.01 μg/L was included in the Drinking Water Directive revision (DWD 2018). This paper presents the results of preliminary studies aimed at identifying the occurrence of BPA in different types of water, i.a. groundwater captured with house wells or flowing wells in a selected location in southern Po-land. These waters are commonly used as a source of water intended for human consumption and their quality is not regularly controlled. Additional tests were carried out for surface water, as well as water from springs used for drinking purposes. The authors also analysed tap water from various sources, i.e. surface and groundwater, as the final product of the drinking water production cycle. The results indicate the presence of BPA in water and the necessity of a detailed study on the risk of the BPA occurring in groundwater, especially in domestic wells.
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Bibliografia
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Goodman J.E., Peterson M.K., Hixon M.L., & Pacheco Shubin S., 2017. Derivation of an oral Maximum Allowable Dose Level for Bisphenol A. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 86, 312–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.yrtph.2017.03.024.
GWD, 2006. Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration.
Hansen A.B. & Lassen P., 2008. Screening of phenolic substances in the Nordic environments. Nordic Council of Ministers. Tema Nord. 2008; 530:145.
Kapelewska J., Kotowska U., Karpińska J., Kowalczuk D., Arciszewska A. & Świrydo A., 2018. Occurrence, removal, mass loading and environmental risk assessment of emerging organic contaminants in leachates, groundwaters and wastewaters. Microchemical Journal, 137, 292–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.11.008.
Kmiecik E., Styszko K., Wątor K., Durak J. & Dwornik M., 2017a. Obecność w wodach podziemnych substancji zaburzających gospodarkę hormonalną człowieka – wyniki badań wstępnych [The occurence of endocrine disrupting compounds in groundwater – preliminary results]. [in:] Transformacja zanieczyszczeń w środowisku: II ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa: Kraków, 14–15 grudnia 2017: materiały konferencyjne, Kraków, 11.
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Kmiecik E., Wątor K., Styszko K. & Durak J., 2018. The occurrence of bisphenol A in selected bottled water – preliminary results. [in:] Water JPI 2018 Conference: emerging pollutants in freshwater ecosystems: 6–7th of June Helsinki, Finland: abstract book, Helsinki, 17, http://www.aka.fi/globalassets/30tiedepoliittinen-toiminta/kv-toiminta/water-jpi/water-jpi-2018-abstract-book.pdf [access: 1.12.2019].
Kozisek F., Pomykacova I., Jeligova H., Cadek V. & Svobodova V., 2013. Survey of human pharmaceuticals in drinking water in the Czech Republic. Journal of Water and Health, 11(1), 84–97, https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.056.
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Kmiecik, E., Styszko, K., Wątor, K., Dwornik, M., & Tomaszewska, B. (2020). BPA – an endocrine disrupting compound in water used for drinking purposes,a snapshot from South Poland. Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 46(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2020.46.1.5
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