Paleogene microfossils from the submarine debris flows in the Skole basin (Polish and Ukraine Outer Carpathians)

Main Article Content

Andrzej Szydło
Małgorzata Garecka
Leszek Jankowski
Tomasz Malata

Keywords

foraminifers, calcareous nannoplankton, biostratigraphy, palaeoenvironment, sediment gravity flows, Skole unit, Outer Carpathians

Abstract

Biostratigraphic analysis of fossils material has allowed the documentation of sediment gravity flows in the Skole basin during the Paleocene and Eocene times, and also in the Eocene-Oligocene transition. This most external basin of the NE Outer Carpathians was a marginal sea especially sensitive to geotectonic instability and relative sea-level change, favoring the development of down slope movements at these times. The dominance of calcareous forms in foraminifera, and a large share of redeposited species among the nanno- and microfossils indicate a close relationship of sediments containing them with the shelf environment and documents not too long transport. Additionally the recycled forms are often well preserved, indicating that the rock contained in flows were only plasticized and hydrated while the material itself was not a subject of significant mechanical processing in contrast to that one, which directly documented down slope moving. The latter forms are bad preserved and their fossil remains are usually corroded, partially dissolved and broken during this process. In addition, the planktonic forms including foraminifera, calcareous dinocysts and nannoplankton allow documenting the time of the final deposition of the sediment transported on slope.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract 400 | PDF Downloads 293

References

Barber J.R., 2010. Elasticity. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 172, 91-108.

Baldi-Beke M., 1984. The nannoplankton of the Transdanubian Palaeogene formations. Geologica Hungarica, 43, 1-307.

Bernhard J.M., 1986. Characteristic assemblages and morphologies of benthic foraminifera from anoxic, organic-rich deposits: Jurassic through Holocene. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 16, 3, 207-215.

Blaicher J. & Sikora W., 1967. Mikrofaunisticeskie associacii paleogena polskich flisevych Karpat. VIII Carpatho-Balkan Geological Association Congress, Belgrade, Serbia, 363-366.

Bukowy S. & Geroch S., 1957. O wieku zlepieńców egzotykowych w Kruhelu Wielkim. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 26, 4, 297-329.

Bukry D., 1981. Cenozoic coccoliths from the Deep Sea Drilling Project, [in:] Warme J.E., Douglas R.G. & Winterer E.L. (eds), The Deep Sea Drilling Project: A decade of Progress, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, Special Publication, 32, 335-353.

Dasgupta P., 2003. Sediment gravity flow - the conceptual problems. Earth-Science Reviews, 62, 265-281.

Dżułyński S. & Kotlarczyk J., 1965. O pochodzeniu warstw popielskich w Karpatach polskich. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 35, 1, 103-105.

Dżułyński S., Książkiewicz M. & Kuenen Ph.H., 1959. Turbidites in flysch of the Polish Carpathians. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 70, 1089-1118.

Dżułyński S., Kotlarczyk J. & Ney R., 1979. Podmorskie ruchy masowe w basenie skolskim. [in:] Kotlarczyk J. (red.), Stratygrafia formacji z Ropianki (fm): poziomy z olistostromami w Karpatach przemyskich: materiały terenowej konferencji naukowej w Przemyślu [Krajowej Konferencji Sedymentologów] Przemyśl, 28-29 czerwca 1979 r., 17-27.

Erba E., 2006. The first million years history of calcareous nannoplankton: Biosphere-geosphere interactions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 232, 237-250.

Felix M. & Peakall J., 2006. Transformation of debris flows into turbidity currents: mechanisms inferred from laboratory experiments. Sedimentology, 53, 107-123.

Felix M., Leszczyński S., Ślączka A., Uchman A., Amyc L. & Peakalla J., 2009. Field expressions of the transformation of debris flows into turbidity currents, with examples from the Polish Carpathians and the French Maritime Alps. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26, 2011-2020.

Garecka M., 2005. Calcareous nannoplankton from the Podhale Flysch (Oligocene-Miocene, Inner Carpathians, Poland). Studia Geologica Polonica, 124, 353-369.

Garecka M., 2008. Granica oligocen/miocen w polskich Karpatach zewnętrznych na podstawie nanoplanktonu wapiennego. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 432, 1-54.

Garecka M., Jankowski L. & Szydło A., 2008. Spływowe osady paleogenu wschodniej części Karpat zewnętrznych w strefie przygranicznej Polski i Ukrainy, [in:] Haczewski G. (red.)., Pierwszy Kongres Geologiczny, Kraków 26-28 czerwca 2008. Abstrakty, 28-29.

Geroch S., Jednorowska A., Książkiewicz M. & Liszkowa J., 1967. Stratigraphy based upon microfauna in the Western Polish Carpathians. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 211, 185-267.

Golonka J., Oszczypko N. & Ślączka A., 2000. Late Carboniferous-Neogene geodynamic evolution and paleogeography of the circum-Carpathian region and adjacent areas. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 70, 113-116.

Gradstein F.M. & Ogg J.G., 2004. Geologie time scale 2004 - Why, how, and where next. Lethaia, 37, 175-181.

Gucik S. & Morgiel J., 1965. Les depots du Cretaceinferieur et superieurdans les Maastrichtien de l'unite de "skibas" les Karpates polonaises. VIII Carpatho-Balkan Geological Association Congress, Belgrade, Serbia Congress Reports, II, 2, 73-76.

Hampton M.A., 1972. The role of subaqueous debris flow in generating turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 42, 775-793.

Haq B.U., Hardenbol J. & Vail P.R., 1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change. SEPM Special Publications, 42, 71-108.

Jankowski L., Kopciowski R. & Ryłko W. (eds), 2004. Geological Map of the Outer Carpathians: Borderlands of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia: 1:200 000. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw.

Johnson A.M. & Rodine J.R., 1984. Debris flow, [in.:] Brundsen D. & Prior D.B. (eds), Slope Instability, Wiley, Chichester, 257-361.

Jones R.W. & Charnock M.A., 1985. "Morphogroups" of agglutinated foraminifera. Their life positions, feeding habits and potential applicability in (paleo)ecological studies. Revue de Paleobiology, 4, 2, 311-320.

Jurasova F., 1974. Nannoplankton from the Menilite Formation (Lower Oligocene) at Dolni Tesice. Vestnik Ustredniho ustawu geologickeho, 49, 91-96.

Kotarba M.J. & Kołtun Y.V., 2006. The origin and habitat of hydrocarbons of the Polish and Ukrainian Parts of the Carpathian Province, [in:]: Golonka J. & Picha F.J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: geology and hydrocarbon resources, AAPG Memoir, 84, 395-442.

Kotlarczyk J., 1978. Stratygrafia formacji z Ropianki (fm), czyli warstw inoceramowych w jednostce skolskiej Karpat fliszowych [Stratigraphy of the Ropianka Formation or of Inoceramian beds in the Skole Unit of the Flysch Carpathians]. Prace Geologiczne - Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Krakowie. Komisja Nauk Geologicznych, 108, 1-82 [with English summary],

Kotlarczyk J., 1979. Uwagi o wieku margli bakulitowych (margli z Węgierki) w świetle formalnej rewizji oznaczeń fauny głowonogów i inoceramów. Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Komisji Naukowych PAN Kraków, VII-XII 1977, 103-105.

Kotlarczyk J., 1981. The youngest olistostrome in the flysch deposits of the Skiba nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians). Congress of the Carpatho-Balkan Geological Association, September, 8-13,1981, Bucharest, Romania, 263-270.

Kotlarczyk J., 1988. Geologia Karpat przemyskich - „szkic do portretu". Przegląd Geologiczny, 6, 325-333.

Kotlarczyk J. & Leśniak T., 1990. Dolna część formacji menilitowej z poziomem diatomitów z Futomy w jednostce skolskiej polskich Karpat [Lower part of the menilite formation and related Futoma diatomite member in the Skole unit of the Polish Carpathians]. Wyd. AGH, Kraków, 1-74.

Kotlarczyk J. & Uchman A., 2012. Integrated ichnology and ichthyology of the Oligocene Menilite Formation, Skole and Subsilesian nappes, Polish Carpathians: A proxy to oxygenation history. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 331-332, 104-118.

Krach W., 1969. Mollusca of the Babica clays (Paleocene) of the Middle Carpathians. Part 2: Pelecyphoda. Studia Geologica Polonica, 29, 7-79.

Krach W. & Liszka S., 1961. Górnoeoceńska fauna z Bukowca [Upper-Eocene Fauna from Bukowiec]. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 31, 1, 145-158.

Kruglov S.S., 1989. Geodynamics of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Geologica Carpathica, 40, 101-123.

Książkiewicz M., 1958. Osuwiska podmorskie we fliszu karpackim [Submarine slumping in the Carpathian Flysch]. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 28, 2, 123-150.

Lee H.J., Locat J., Desgagnes P., Parsons J.D., McAdoo B.G., Orange D.L., Puig P., Wong F.L., Dartnell P. & Boulanger E., 2007. Submarine mass movements on continental margins, [in:] Nittrouer Ch.A. et al. (eds), Continental Margin Sedimentation: From Sediment Transport to Sequence Stratigraphy, Special Publication of the IAS, 37, 213-274.

Loeblich A.R. & Tappan H., 1987. Foraminiferal Genera and Their Classification. Van Nostrand Rienhold, New York.

Malata T., 1996. Analiza formalnych wydzieleń litostratygraficznych oraz propozycja podziału jednostki skolskiej polskich Karpat fliszowych. Przegląd Geologiczny, AA, 5, 509-513.

Meyn H. & Vespermann J., 1994. Taxonomische Revision von Foraminiferen der Unterkreide SE-Niedersachsens nach Roemer (1839, 1841, 1842), Koch (1851) und Reuss (1863). Senckenbergiana letizaea, 74, 49-272.

Middleton G.V. & Hampton M.A., 1973. Sediment gravity flows: Mechanics of flow and deposition, [in:] Middleton G.V. & Bouma A.H. (eds), Turbidites and deep-water sedimentation: lecture notes for a short course, SEPM Pacific Section, Los Angeles, 1-38.

Morgiel J. & Szymakowska F., 1978. Stratygrafia paleocenu i eocenu jednostki skolskiej. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 310, 39-71.

Mulder T. & Cochonat P., 1996. Classification of off shore mass movements. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 43-57.

Nagymarosy A. & Baldi-Beke M., 1988. The position of the Paleogene formations of Hungary in the standard nannoplankton zonation. Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eotvos Nominatae Sectio Geologica, 28, 3-25.

Nagymarosy A. & Voronina A.A., 1992. Calcareous nannoplankton from the Lower Maykopian Beds (early Oligocene, Union of independent states). Knihovnica ZPN, 14b/2, 189-221.

Nelson S.A., 2012. Mass-Wasting and Mass-Wasting Processes, [online:] http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/masswastproc.htm [access: 9.07.2012],

Nescieruk P. & Szydło A., 2003. Rozwój i pozycja stratygraficzna warstw istebniańskich w Beskidzie Morawsko-Śląskim. Sbornik vedeckych praci Vysoke skoly banske, 49, 74-75.

Nguyen T.M.P., Petrizzo M.R., Stassen P. & Speijer R., 2011. Dissolution susceptibility of Paleocene-Eocene planktic foraminifera: Implications for palaeoceanographic reconstructions. Marine Micropaleontology, 81, 1-2, 1-21.

Norem H., Locat J. & Schieldrop B., 1990. An approach to the physics and the modelling of submarine flowslides. Marine Geotechnology, 9, 93-111.

Olszewska B., 1984. Interpretacja paleoekologiczna otwornic kredy i paleogenu polskich Karpat Zewnętrznych [A paleoecological interpretation of the Cretaceous and Paleogene foraminifers of the Polish Outer Carpathians]. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 346, 7-53 [with English summary],

Olszewska B. 1985. Otwornice warstw menilitowych polskich Karpat zewnętrznych [Foraminifera of the Menilite Beds (Polish External Carpathians)]. Roczniki Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 55, 201-250 [with English summary],

Olszewska B., 1999. Biostratygrafia neogenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego w świetle nowych danych mikropaleontologicznych [Biostratigraphy of Neogene in the Carpathian Foredeep in the light of new micropalaeontological data]. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 168, 9-27 [with English summary],

Olszewska B. & Malata E., 2006. Analiza pale o środowiskowa i paleobatymetryczna zespołów mikroskamieniałości polskich Karpat zewnętrznych [Palaeoenvironmental and paleobathymetric analysis of microfossils assemblages of the Polish Outer Carpathians], [in:] Oszczypko N., Uchman A. & Malata E. (eds), Rozwój paleotektoniczny basenów Karpat zewnętrznych i pienińskiego pasa skałkowego, Instytut Nauk Geologicznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 61-84.

Oszczypko N., 1998. The Western Carpathian Foredeep-development of the foreland basin in front of the accretionary wedge and its burial history (Poland). Geologica Carpathica, 49, 415-431.

Oszczypko N., 2006. Late Jurassic-Miocene evolution of the Outer Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt and its foredeep basin (Western Carpathians, Poland). Geological Quarterly, 50, 1, 169-194.

Parsons J.D., Friedrichs C.T., Traykovski P.A., Mohrig D., Imran J., Syvitski J.P.M., Parker G., Puig P., Buttles J.L. & Garcia M.H., 2007. The mechanics of marine sediment gravity flows, [in:] Nittrouer Ch.A. et al. (eds), Continental Margin Sedimentation: From Sediment Transport to Sequence Stratigraphy, Special Publication of the IAS, 37, 276-337.

Picha F.J., Stranik Z. & Krejci O., 2006. Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources of the Outer Western Carpathians and their Foreland, Czech Republic, [in:] Golonka J. & Picha F.J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: Geology and hydrocarbon resources, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84, 49-176.

Piotrowski J. & Piotrowska K., 2004. Jednostki nieformalne mezozoiku i kenozoiku, [in:] Mardal T. (red.), Słownik jednostek litostratygraficznych Polski. T. 4, Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Warszawa, 1-310.

Piper D.J.W., Cochonat P. & Marrison M.L., 1999. The sequence of episodics around the epicentre of the 1929 grand Banks earthquake: initiation of debris flows and turbidity current inferred from sidescan sonar. Sedimentology, 46, 79-97.

Poprawa P., Malata T. & Oszczypko N., 2002. Ewolucja tektoniczna basenów sedymentacyjnych polskiej części Karpat zewnętrznych w świetle analizy subsydencji. Przegląd Geologiczny, 50, 1092-1108.

Postma G., 1986. Classification of sediment gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation. Geology, 14, 291-294.

Rajchel J., 1990. Litostratygrafia osadów górnego paleocenu i eocenu jednostki skolskiej. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica, 1369, Geologia, 48, Wyd. AGH, Kraków, 1-112.

Scheibnerova V., 1971. Implications of deep sea drilling in the Atlantic for studies in Australia and New Zealand - Some new views on Cretaceous and Cenozoic palaeogeography and biostratigraphy. Search, 2, 7, 251-254.

Severin K.P., 1983. Test morphology of benthic foraminifera as a discrimination of biofacies. Marine Micropaleontology, 8, 65-76.

Smoleńska A. & Dudziak J., 1989. Wiek margli podcergowskich na podstawie nannoplanktonu wapiennego. Geologia. Kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie, 15, 3, 29-40.

Szczechura J. & Pożaryska K., 1974. Foraminiferida from the Paleocene of Polish Carpathians (Babica Clays). Palaeontologica Polonica, 31, 1-142.

Szydło A., 2011. Agglutinated foraminifers from mass transport deposits: examples from the Northern Outer Carpathians, [in:] Kaminski M.A. & Filipescu S. (eds), Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera, Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 16, 317-330.

Szymakowska F., 1976. Olisthostromes in the Krosno beds (Polish Middle Carpathians). Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 46, 39-54.

Ślączka A. & Kamiński M. A., 1998. A guidebook to excursions in the Polish Flysch Carpathians. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 6, 1-173.

Ślączka A., Oszczypko N., Malata E. & Cieszkowski M., 1999. An early history of the Outer Carpathian basin. Geologica Carpathica, Special Issue, 50, 170-172.

Ślączka A., Kruglov S., Golonka J., Oszczypko N. & Popadyuk I., 2006. Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources of the Outer Carpathians, Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine: General Geology, [in:] Golonka J. & Picha F.J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: Geology and hydrocarbon resources, AAPG Memoir, 84, 221-258.

Wójcik A., Jankowski L., Kopciowski R., Malata T., Marciniec P. & Nescieruk P., 1995. Opracowanie formalnych jednostek litostratygraficznych Karpat zewnętrznych i zapadliska przedkarpackiego dla celów Szczegółowej mapy geologicznej Polski. Archiwum CAG, PIG, Warszawa [unpublished].