Statistical evaluation of the geochemical data for prospecting polymetallic mineralization in the Suoi Thau – Sang Than region, Northeast Vietnam
Main Article Content
Keywords
polymetallic mineralization , statistical evaluation , Suoi Thau-Sang Than region , Vietnam
Abstract
In Northeast Vietnam, Suoi Thau-Sang Than is considered as a high potential area of polymetallic deposits. 1,720 geochemical samples were used to investigate polymetallic mineralization; thereby polymetallic ore occurrences in this study region were discovered and the statistical and multivariate analysis helps to define geochemical anomalies in some northeastern regions, namely Suoi Thau, Sang Than, and Ban Kep.
The statistical method and cluster analysis of geochemical data indicate that the Cu, Pb, and Zn elements are good indicators, and most of them comply with the lognormal or gamma distribution. Based on the third-order threshold, the geochemical anomalies of the content of the Cu, Pb, and Zn elements reflect the concentration of copper forming ore bodies in the mineralized zone, and clearly show the concentration in three distinct zones. The trend surface analysis which was employed to determine spatial variations and relationships among these good indicator elements and anomalous areas revealed relative changes in the content of the indicator elements, and they can be considered as regular. Moreover, the goodness of fit obtained trend functions of Pb and Zn, and Cu elements is a third-degree trend surface model. These results indicate that the models can be useful in studying geochemical anomalies and analyzing the tendency of the concentration of indicator elements in the Suoi Thau-Sang Than region. Additionally, it is suggested that the statistical analysis shows a remarkable potential to use the bottom river sediments in the region to investigate polymetallic mineralization. Moreover, geochemical data can help to evaluate geochemical anomalies of the pathfinder elements and potential mineral mapping of the Suoi Thau-Sang Than region in Northeast Vietnam.
Downloads
References
Bat T.D. (ed.), 1989. Report on the results of Na Son lead-zinc ore evaluation and evaluation and preliminary search for lead-zinc ores in Tang Khoang-Ta Pan-Suoi Thau, Ha Tuyen, Vietnam. Geological and Mineral Department Archives [Bát T.D. (chủ biên), 1989. Tìm kiếm đánh giá quặng chì-kẽm Na Sơn và tìm kiếm sơ bộ quặng chì-kẽm khu Tàng Khoảng-Tà Pan-Suối Thầu, Hà Tuyên, Việt Nam. Tổng cục Địa chất và Khoáng sản Việt Nam].
Beus A.A. & Grigoryan S.V., 1975. Geokhimicheskiye metody poiskov i razvedki mestorozhdeniy tverdykh poleznykh iskopayemykh. Nedra, Moskva [Беус А.А. & Григорян С.В., 1975. Геохимические методы поисков и разведки месторождений твердых полезных ископаемых. Недра, Москва].
Carranza E.J.M., 2011. Analysis and mapping of geochemical anomalies using logratiotransformed stream sediment data with censored values. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 110 (2), 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.05.007.
Chen D., Wei J., Wang W., Shi W., Li H. & Zhan X., 2019. Comparison of methods for determining the thresh-olds of geochemical anomalies and the prospecting direction - A case of gold deposits in the Gouli exploration area, Qinghai province. Minerals, 9, 368.
Chen J.R., Wang J.W. & Fu F., 2015. Various Methods for Determining the Threshold of Geochemical Anomalies and the Discussion of Rationality. [in:] Collection of Papers II of Geological Society of Jiangxi Province in 2015, Geological Society of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Shi, China.
Davis J.C., 2002. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology. 3rd ed. Wiley.
Dovjikov A.E. (ed.), 1965. Geology of North Vietnam. Explanatory Note of the Geological Map of North Vietnam at 1:500,000 scale. Geological Department of Vietnam, Ha Noi.
Egozcue J.J., Pawlowsky-Glahn V., Mateu-Figueras G. & Barceló-Vidal C., 2003. Isometric logratio transformations for compositional data analysis. Mathematical Geology, 35, 279–300.
Filzmoser P., Garrett R. & Reimann C., 2005. Multivariate outlier detection in exploration geochemistry. Computers & Geosciences, 31, 579–587.
Fortescue J.A.C., 1992. Landscape geochemistry-retrospect and prospect-1990. Applied Geochemistry, 7, 1–53.
Ghadimi F., Ghomi M. & Malaki E., 2016. Using stream sediment data to determine geochemical anomalies by statistical analysis and fractal modeling in Tafrash Region, Central Iran. Journal Grope, 6(1), 45–61. http://doi.org/10.22059/JGEOPE.2016.57821.
Graedel T.E., Harper E.M., Nassar N.T. & Reck B.K., 2015. On the Materials Basis of Modern Society. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(14), 4257–4262.
Gülten Y., Necati T., Enver A., 2011. Soil geochemical prospection for gold deposit in the Arzular area (NE Turkey). Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 112. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.08.004.
Hawkes H.E. & Webb J.S., 1962. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration. Harper & Row, New York.
Hung K.T, 2010. Overview of magmatism in Northwestern Vietnam. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 80(2),125–186.
Hung K.T, Sang P.N., Phuong N., Dung N.T., Bac B.H., Phi N.Q. & Sang B.V., 2020. Polymetallic nodules resource estimation from Suoi Thau-Sang Than area in north-eastern Vietnam. Inżynieria Mineralna, 2(46), 1, 7–14.
Jolliffe T., 2002. Principal Component Analysis. Springer Verlag, New York.
Leloup P.H., Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., Searle M.P., Dailai Z., Xiaoshan L., Langshang Z., Shaocheng J. & Trinh P.T., 1995. The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China). Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina. Tectonophysics, 251, 3–84.
Minh H. (ed.), 1992. Report on distribution characteristics of gold, silver, and other minor elements in the lead-zinc ore of Tung Ba-Na Son, Ha Giang area. Geological Department of Vietnam, Ha Noi [Minh H. (chủ biên), 1992. Báo cáo đặc điểm phân bố vàng, bạc và các nguyên tố hiếm khác trong quặng chìkẽm vùng Tùng Bá-Na Sơn, Hà Giang. Lưu trữ Cục địa chất và khoáng sản Việt Nam, Hà Nội].
Rankin W.J., 2011. Minerals, Metals, and Sustainability-Meeting Future Material Needs. CSIRO.
Reimann C. & Filzmoser P., 2000. Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: death of a myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data. Environmental Geology, 39, 1001–1014.
Reimann C., Filzmoser P. & Garrett R.G., 2005. Background and threshold: a critical comparison of methods of determination. Science of the Total Environment, 346, 1–16.
Robertson G.P., 2008. GS+: Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences. Gamma Design Software, Plainwell.
Rose A.W., Hawkes H.E. & Webb J.S., 1991. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London.
Sang B.V., 2011. Application of geomathematic methods for prediction of polymetallic resources in Suoi Thau-Sang Than area, Ha Giang province. Faculty of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology [Sáng B.V., 2011. Ứng dụng một số phương pháp toán địa chất trong dự báo triển vọng quặng đa kim khu vực Suối Thầu-Sàng Thần, Hà Giang. Khoa khoa học và kỹ thuât địa chất, Đại học Mỏ-Địa chất, Hà Nội].
Sinh N.H (ed.), 1985. Report on distributed conditions of lead-zinc ore in Viet Bac area and further prospecting. Geological Department of Vietnam, Ha Noi [Sính N.H (chủ biên), 1985. Điều kiện phân bố tạo quặng chì-kẽm Việt Bắc và phương hướng tìm kiếm. Tổng cục Địa chất và Khoáng sản Việt Nam, Hà Nội].
Son V.M. (ed.), 2003. Report on results of geological mapping and mineral investigation of Phuc Ha sheet at 1:50.000 scale. Geological Department of Vietnam, Ha Noi [Sơn V.M. (chủ biên), 2003. Báo cáo đo vẽ bản đồ và tìm kiếm khoáng sản nhóm tờ Phúc Hạ tỷ lệ 1:50.000. Tổng cục Địa chất và Khoáng sản Việt Nam, Hà Nội].
Tri T.V. & Khuc V. (ed.), 2011. Geology and Earth Resources of Việt Nam. General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam, Publishing House for Science and Technology, Hà Nội.
USGS, 2014. Minerals Yearbook. United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Vistelius A.B. & Hurst V.J.,1964.Phosphorus in granitic rocks of North America. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 75,1055–1092.
Ward J.H.Jr., 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 236–244.
Williams X.K.,1967. Statistics in the interpretation of geochemical data. New Zealand. Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 10(3), 771–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1967.10431092.
Yousefi M., Kamkar-Rouhani A. & Carranza E.J.M., 2012. Geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI): A new approach to generate enhanced stream sediment geochemical evidentialmap for increasing probability of success in mineral potential mapping. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 115, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.002.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
Authors have full copyright and property rights to their work. Their copyrights to store the work, duplicate it in printing (as well as in the form of a digital CD recording), to make it available in the digital form, on the Internet and putting into circulation multiplied copies of the work worldwide are unlimited.
The content of the journal is freely available according to the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)