Impact of air pollution on forest stands in the vicinity of Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik, Poland
Main Article Content
Keywords
dendroecology, Pinus sylvestris, air pollution, Southern Poland
Abstract
Tree-ring analysis was used to investigate the impact of air pollution on forest stands in southern part of the Upper Silesia region of southern Poland. Four about 120 years old Scots pine stands located near Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik were selected for study and 20 increment core samples from each stand were taken. All study stands were selected based upon their considerable exposure to air and dust pollution. The results of dendrochronological analysis showed strong and significant reductions in tree ring growth especially during the period from 1960 to 1990. A significant number of trees with reductions (85%) was observed in two Scots pine stands both of which are directly exposed to air pollution from mine-owned coking plant and power and heating plants. Since 1990s the improved growth of these pines was clearly noted. A comparison for the period 1970 to 1990 for stands located west from the main emitters’ versus stands east and directly exposed found fewer trees with growth reductions (ca. 40%). At the beginning of the 21st century, a large number of trees in these western stands were observed with growth reductions between 50 and 60%. Probably, these trees were affected by air pollution from a nearby power plant located immediately across the border in the Czech Republic. Relationships between periods of severe reductions in ring width growth or missing rings were noted in a large percentage of pine trees in all four stands; these cross-stand relationships suggested common weather related impacts. Missing rings were noted in 1956, 1963, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1976 and 1979.
Downloads
References
Air pollution fact sheet Czech Republic, 2013. European Environment Agency, [on-line:] www.eea.europa.eu/themes/ air/air-pollution-country-fact-sheets [access: 8.12.2016].
Baillie M.G.L. & Pilcher J.R., 1973. A simple crossdating program for tree-ring research. Tree-Ring Bulletin, 33, 7–14.
Barniak J. & Krąpiec M., 2009. Wpływ działalności przemysłowej na drzewostany sosnowe w rejonie Tarnobrzega w świetle analizy dendrochronologicznej. Sylwan, 153, 825–835.
Barniak J. & Krąpiec M., 2016. The tree-ring method of estimation of the effect of industrial pollution on pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tree stands in the northern part of the Sandomierz Basin (SE Poland). Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 227, 5, 166.
CEZ Group – Dětmarovice, https://www.cez.cz/en/power-plants-and-environment/coal-fired-power-plants/cr/ detmarovice [access: 4.12.2016].
Cichy K., 2008. 100 lat Elektrowni Marcel w Radlinie. Elektrociepłownia Marcel Sp. z o.o., Radlin.
Cichy K., 2011. 100 lat Koksowni Radlin. Kombinat Koksochemiczny „Zabrze” s.a., Radlin.
Danek M., 2007. The influence of industry on Scots pine stands in the southeastern part of the Silesia-Krakow Upland (Poland) on the basis of dendrochronological analysis. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 185, 265–277.
Danek M., 2008. Wpływ działalności przemysłowej na szerokość przyrostów rocznych sosen (Pinus sylvestris L.) w rejonie Olkusza. Sylwan, 11, 56–62.
Farrar J.F., Relton J. & Rutter A.J., 1977. Sulphur dioxide and the scarcity of Pinus sylvestris in the industrial Pennines. Environmental Pollution, 14, 63–68.
Frużyński A., 2012. Kopalnie węgla kamiennego w Polsce. Księży Młyn Dom Wydawniczy Michał Koliński, Łódź.
Greszta J., 1987. Wpływ przemysłowego zanieczyszczenia powietrza na lasy. Wyd. SGGW-AR, Warszawa.
Holmes R.L., 1986. Quality control of crossdating and measuring. User’s manual for computer program COFECHA. [in:] Holmes R.L., Adams R.K. & Fritts H.C. (eds.), Tree – rings chronologies of western North America: California, eastern Oregon and northern Great Basin., Chronology Series, 6, University of Arizona, Tuscon, 41–49.
Jarzębski L. (red.), 1997. Raport o stanie środowiska w województwie katowickim w latach 1995–1996. Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, PIOŚ, Katowice – Warszawa.
Juknys R., Vencloviene J., Stravinskiene V., Augustaitis A. & Bartkevicius E., 2003. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth and condition in a polluted environment: from decline to recovery. Environmental Pollution, 125, 2, 205–212.
Kondracki J., 2002. Geografia regionalna Polski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Krawczyk A. & Krąpiec M., 1995. Dendrochronologiczna baza danych. [in:] Komputerowe wspomaganie badań naukowych: II Krajowa Konferencja, II KK KOWBAN ’95, Wrocław, 14–16 grudnia 1995 r.: materiały, „Sudety”, Wrocław, 247–252.
Krąpiec M. & Szychowska-Krąpiec E., 2001. Tree-ring estimation of the effect of industrial pollution on pine (Pinus sylvestris) and fir (Abies alba) in the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland). Nature Conservation, 58, 33–42.
Lokalny program rewitalizacji miasta Rybnika na lata 2007– 2013 [Rybnik local revitalization programme], 2009. Wydział Rozwoju, Promocji Gospodarczej i Integracji Europejskiej Urzędu Miasta Rybnika, Rybnik, on-line: www.bip.um.rybnik.eu [access: 3.11.2016].
Malik I., Danek M., Danek T., Krąpiec M. & Wistuba M., 2009. Zanieczyszczenie atmosfery przez zakłady przemysłowe położone w północnej części Wyżyny Śląskiej zapisane w przyrostach rocznych sosny zwyczajnej. Czasopismo Geograficzne, 80, 4, 257–274.
Malik I., Danek M., Marchwińska-Wyrwał E., Danek T., Wistuba M. & Krąpiec M., 2012. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth suppression and adverse effects on human health due to air pollution in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland. Water Air Soil Pollution, 223, 3345–3364.
Mrowiec A., 1974. Kopalnia „Chwałowice” i jej załoga na tle rozwoju górnictwa ziemi rybnickiej 1903–1973. PWN, Kraków.
Nöjd P. & Reams G.A., 1996. Growth variation of Scots pine across a pollution gradient on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Environmental Pollution, 93, 3, 313–326.
Oleksyn J., Fritts H.C. & Hughes M.K., 1993. Tree-ring analyses of different Pinus sylvestris provenances, Quercus robur, Larix decidua and L. decidua x L. kaempferi affected by air pollution. Arboretum Kórnickie, 38, 87–111.
Opała M. & Mendecki M.J., 2014. An attempt to dendroclimatic reconstruction of winter temperature based on multispecies tree-ring widths and extreme years chronologies (example of Upper Silesia, Southern Poland). Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 115, 73–89.
Paczyński B. & Sadurski A. (red.), 2007. Hydrogeologia regionalna Polski. T.2 Wody mineralne, lecznicze i termalne oraz kopalniane. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warszawa.
Rojek H., 2005. 120 lat kopalni „Marcel” 100 lat Kopalnianej Stacji Ratownictwa Górniczego kopalni „Marcel”. Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego „Marcel”, Radlin.
Rydval M. & Wilson R., 2012. The impact of industrial SO2 pollution on north Bohemia conifers. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 223, 5727–5744.
Schweingruber F.H., 1986. Abrupt growth changes in conifers. IAWA Bulletin, 7, 4, 277–283.
Schweingruber F.H., 1996. Tree rings and environment: dendroecology. Paul Haupt Publishers, Bern.
Sensuła B., Opała M., Wilczyński S. & Pawełczyk S., 2015a. Long- and short- term incremental response of Pinus silvestris L. from industrial area nearby steelworks in Silesian Upland, Poland. Dendrochronologia, 36, 1–12.
Sensuła B., Wilczyński S. & Opała M., 2015b. Tree growth and climate relationship: dynamic of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the near-source region of the combined heat and power plant during the development of the pro-ecological strategy in Poland. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 226, 220.
Sensuła B., Wilczyński S. & Piotrowska N., 2016. Zastosowanie metod dendrochronologicznych oraz spektrometrycznych w monitorowaniu drzewostanów sosnowych na obszarach przemysłowych. Sylwan, 160, 9, 730–740.
System informacji o jakości powietrza na obszarze Pogranicza Polsko-Czeskiego w rejonie Śląska i Moraw [Air Quality Information System in the area of Polish-Czech Borderline in the Moravia and Silesia region], 2011. IMGW-PIB, [on-line:] http://www.air-silesia.eu/files/file/air_silesia/ raport/AirSilesia_raport_1_.pdf [access: 3.11.2016].
Szychowska-Krąpiec E., 1997. Ocena wpływu zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych na drzewostany sosnowe Puszczy Niepołomickiej i Borów Nowotarskich w świetle analizy dendrochronologicznej. Geologia: kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, 23, 4, 389–406.
Szychowska-Krąpiec, E. & Wiśniowski Z., 1996. Tree-ring analysis of Pinus sylvestris as a method to assess the industrial pollution impact on the example of Police chemical factory (NW Poland). Geologia: kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, 22, 3, 281–299.
Walanus A., 2005. Program Quercus. Instrukcja obsługi. Kraków.
Zielski A., 1992. Dendrochronological studies on pines growing under the influence of air pollution near the Pulp and Paper Factory in Kwidzyn, Poland. Lundqua Report, 34, 360–363.
Zielski A. & Krąpiec M., 2004. Dendrochronologia. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
Authors have full copyright and property rights to their work. Their copyrights to store the work, duplicate it in printing (as well as in the form of a digital CD recording), to make it available in the digital form, on the Internet and putting into circulation multiplied copies of the work worldwide are unlimited.
The content of the journal is freely available according to the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)