The North European Platform suture zone in Poland
Main Article Content
Keywords
Carpathians, Pieniny Klippen Belt, North European Platform, seismics, tectonics, olistoliths
Abstract
The authors interpret the structure of the Central Carpathian-North European plates suture zone in Poland, where three main Carpathian tectonic units: the Central Carpathian, Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) and Outer Carpathian are present. In general, the PKB follows this zone. Several deep bore-holes were drilled in this region and the seismic lines were tied to bore-hole data and geological maps. The Polish PKB belongs to the complex geological structure stretching from Vienna in Austria to Romania. The rocks included in the PKB tectonic components were deposited within the paleogeographic realm known as the Alpine Tethys, mainly during the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times. Both strike-slip and thrust components occur within the Polish section of the PKB. The strongly tectonized, few kilometer wide PKB zone is limited by a flower structure marked by two major faults, linked to the strike-slip zone. These faults reach the North European Platform (part of the North European Plate).
The flysch sequences, arranged into a series of north-vergent thrust-sheets, constitute the main component of the PKB in the survey zone. They contain olistoliths, which are mainly Jurassic-Early Cretaceous in age. The PKB tectonic components of different age, strike-slip, thrust as well as toe-thrusts and olistostromes are mixed together, giving the present-day mélange character of this belt, where individual units are hard to distinguish. Two olistostrome belts (mélange units) exist within the PKB structure. The seismic lines show the Central Carpathian Paleogene rocks covering the Paleozoic Central Carpathian Basement south of the PKB. The Subtatric covers the High-Tatric autochthonic and allochthone rocks. The Central Carpathian Plate is thrust over the North European Platform in the Podhale region. The allochthonous Outer Carpathians consist of several nappes (thrust-sheets) verging northward. They are thrust over each other and over the North European Platform which dips gently southward.
Downloads
References
Birkenmajer K., 1983. Uskoki przesuwcze w północnym obrzeżeniu pienińskiego pasa skałkowego w Polsce [Strike-slip faults in the northern boundary zone of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians]. Studia Geologica Polonica, 77, 89–112.
Birkenmajer K., 1986. Stages of structural evolution of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica, 88, 7–32.
Birkenmajer K., 1988. Exotic Andrusov Ridge: its role in platetectonic evolution of the West Carpathian Foldbelt. Studia Geologica Polonica, 91, 7–37.
Birkenmajer K. & Gedl P., 2012. Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in the Maruszyna IG1 Deep Borehole (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland): lithostratigraphy, dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, tectonics. Studia Geologica Polonica, 135, 7–54.
Chowaniec J., 2009. Studium hydrogeologii zachodniej części Karpat polskich [Hydrogeology study of the western part of the Polish Carpathians]. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 734, 1–98.
Chowaniec J. & Kępińska B., 2003. Podhale geothermal system – selected issues. [in:] Golonka J. & Lewandowski M. (eds.), Geology, geophysics, geothermics and deep structure of the West Carpathians and their basement, Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Monographic Volume, 28 (363), Polish Academy of Sciences, 13–23.
Gawęda A. & Golonka J., 2011. Variscan plate dynamics in the circumcarpathian area. Geodinamica Acta, 24, 3–4, 141–155.
Golonka J. & Krobicki M., 2004. Jurassic paleogeography of the Pieniny and Outer Carpathian basins. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 110, 5–14.
Golonka J. & Rączkowski W., 1984a. Szczegółowa mapa geologiczna Polski 1:50 000. Arkusz Piwniczna. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Golonka J. & Rączkowski W., 1984b. Objaśnienia do szczegółowej mapy geologicznej Polski. Arkusz Piwniczna. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Golonka J. & Sikora W., 1981. Mikrofacje ścienionych sedymentacyjnie osadów pienińskiego pasa skałkowego w Polsce [Microfacies of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sedimentarily thinned deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland]. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 31, 7–37.
Golonka J. & Waśkowska A., 2014. Paleogene of the Magura Nappe adjacent to the Pieniny Klippen Belt between Szczawnica and Krościenko (Outer Carpathians, Poland). Geology, Geophysics & Environment, 40, 4, 359–376.
Golonka J., Aleksandrowski P., Aubrecht M., Chowaniec J., Chrustek M., Cieszkowski M., Florek R., Gawęda A., Jarosiński M., Kępińska B., Krobicki M., Lefeld J., Lewandowski M., Marko F., Michalik M., Oszczypko N., Picha F., Potfaj M., Słaby E., Ślączka A., Stefaniuk M., Uchman A. & Żelaźniewicz A., 2005. Orava Deep Drilling Project and the Post Paleogene tectonics of the Carpathians. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 75, 211–248.
Golonka J., Gahagan L., Krobicki M., Marko F., Oszczypko N. & Ślączka A., 2006a. Plate Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of the Circum Carpathian Region. [in:] Golonka J. & Picha F. (eds.), The Carpathians and their foreland: Geology and hydrocarbon resources, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84, AAPG, 11–46.
Golonka J., Krobicki M., Oszczypko N. & Salata D., 2006b. Stop 7. Krościenko Zawiasy Klippe Contact Zone between the Pieniny Klippen Belt and the Magura Nappe. Geolines, 20, 182–183.
Golonka J., Pietsch K. & Marzec P., 2010. Thrusts, strike-slip faults, out-of-sequence thrusts and their expression in seismic survey in the Polish Outer Carpathians. [in:] Ludwiniak M., Konon A. & Żylińska A. (eds.), CETeG 2010: 8th meeting of the Central European Tectonic Group studies (CETeG): 22–25 April 2010, Mąchocice Kapitulne, Poland: conference proceedings, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Warsaw, 66–67.
Golonka J., Pietsch K. & Marzec P., 2011. Structure and plate tectonic evolution of the northern Outer Carpathians. [in:] Closson D. (ed.), Tectonics, INTECH, Rijeka, Croatia, 65–92.
Golonka J., Krobicki M., Waśkowska A., Cieszkowski M. & Ślączka A., 2015. Olistostromes of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Northern Carpathians. Geological Magazine, 152, 02, 269–286.
Golonka J, Pietsch K., Marzec P, Kasperska M., Dec J., Cichostępski K., Lasocki S. & Orlecka-Sikora B., 2016a. Deep structure of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland. [in:] Vojtko R. (ed.), CETeG 2016: 14th meeting of the Central European Tectonic Groups, 21th meeting of the Czech Tectonic Studies Group (ČTS): Predná Hora, Slovakia, April 28–May 1, 2016: abstract volume, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, 32.
Golonka J., Pietsch K., Marzec P., Kasperska M., Cichostępski K., Dec J., Lasocki S., Mirek J. & Orlecka-Sikora B., 2016b. Central Carpathians – North European plates suture zone in Poland. [in:] Šujan M. (ed.), 10th ESSEWECA conference: Environmental, Structural and Stratigraphical Evolution of the Western Carpathians: 1st –2nd December 2016, Bratislava, Slovakia: abstract book, The Publishing House of the Comenius University, Bratislava, 31–32.
Golonka J., Krobicki M., Waśkowska A., Cieszkowski M. & Ślączka A., 2017. Reply. Discussion of ‘Olistostromes of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Northern Carpathians’. Geological Magazine, 154, 193–200.
Grad M., Guterch A., Keller G.R., Janik T., Hegedűs, E., Vozár J., Ślączka A., Tiira T. & Yliniemi J., 2006 Lithospheric structure beneath trans-Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile CEL05. Journal Geophysical Research, 111, B3301. DOI: 10.1029/2005JB003647.
Hrubcová P. & Środa P., 2015. Complex local Moho topography in the Western Carpathians: Indication of the ALCAPA and the European Plate contact. Tectonophysics, 638, 63–81.
Janik T., Grad M., Guterch A. & Celebration 2000 Working Group., 2009. Seismic structure of the lithosphere between the East European Craton and the Carpathians from the net of Cellebration 2000 profiles in SE Poland. Geological Quarterly, 53, 1, 141–158.
Janik T., Grad M., Guterch A., Vozár J., Bielik M., Vozárova A., Hegedus E., Attila Kovács C. & Kovác I., 2011. Crustal structure of the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Basin System: Seismic models from CELEBRATION 2000 data and geological implication. Journal of Geodynamics, 52, 2, 97–113.
Jurewicz E., 1994. Structural analysis of the Pieniny Klippen Belt at Jaworki, Carpathians, Poland. Studia Geologica Polonica, 106, 7–87.
28. Jurewicz E., 1997. The contact between the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Magura Unit (the Małe Pieniny Mts.). Geological Quarterly, 41, 315–326.
Jurewicz E., 2005. Geodynamic evolution of the Tatra Mts. and the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Western Carpathians): problems and comments. Acta Geologica Polonica, 55, 295–338.
Kaczmarek A., Oszczypko-Clowes M. & Cieszkowski M., 2016. Early Miocene age of Stare Bystre Formation (Magura Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Poland) indicated by the calcareous nannoplankton. Geological Quarterly, 60, 2, 341–354.
Kováč M., Nagymarosy A., Oszczypko N., Ślączka A., Csontos L., Marunteanu M., Matenco L. & Márton M., 1998. Palinspastic reconstruction of the Carpathian-Pannonian region during the Miocene. [in:] Rakús M. (ed.), Geodynamic development of the Western Carpathians, Dionýz Štúr Publishers, Geological Survey of Slovac Republic, Bratislava, 189–217.
Krobicki M. & Golonka J., 2008. Geological history of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Middle Jurassica black shales as one of the oldest deposits of this region – stratigraphical position and palaeoenvironmental significance. Geoturystyka, 2, 13, 3–18.
Kulka A., Rączkowski W., Żytko K. & Paul Z., 1985. Szczegółowa mapa geologiczna Polski. 1:50 000. Arkusz Szczawnica-Krościenko. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Ludwiniak M., 2010. Multistage development of the joint network in the flysch rocks of western Podhale (Inner Western Carpathians, Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, 60, 283–316.
Łój M., Madej J., Porzucek S. & Zuchiewicz W., 2007, Periodic gravity changes in the young tectonic movement investigation of selected area in the Polish Western Carpathians. Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, 4, 4, 97–107.
Mahel M., 1974. The Inner Carpathians. [in:] Mahel M. (ed.), Tectonics of the Carpathian-Balkan Regions, Geologický Ústav Dionyza Štura, Bratislava, 91–133.
Mastella L., Ludwiniak M. & Klimkiewicz D., 2012. Budowa geologiczna doliny Białego Dunajca. Przegląd Geologiczny, 60, 496–505.
Oszczypko N. & OszczypkoClowes M., 2014. Geological structure and evolution of the Pieniny Klippen Belt to the east of the Dunajec River – a new approach (Outer Western Carpathians, Poland). Geological Quarterly, 58, 737–758.
Oszczypko N., Golonka J., Cieszkowski M., Krobicki M., Oszczypko-Clowes M. & Salata D., 2006. Conference excursion 2: Late Cretaceous-Neogene evolution of the Polish Carpathians. Geolines, 20, 165–186.
Paul Z. & Poprawa D., 1992. Budowa geologiczna płaszczowiny magurskiej w strefie przypienińskiej w świetle wyników badań uzyskanych z wiercenia Nowy Targ PIG1. Przegląd Geologiczny, 40, 404–409.
Pomianowski P., 2003. Tektonika Kotliny Orawsko-Nowotarskiej – wyniki kompleksowej analizy danych grawimetrycznych i geoelektrycznych [Tectonics of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin – results of the combined analysis of the gravity and geoelectrical data]. Przegląd Geologiczny, 51, 6, 498–506.
Stefaniuk M., Klityński W., Jarzyna J. & Golonka, J., 2007. Struktura nasunięcia Karpackiego i jego podłoża w polskich Karpatach Zachodnich w świetle reinterpretacji wybranych profili magnetotellurycznych [The structure of the Carpathian overthrust and its basement in the Polish Western Carpathians in the light of reinterpretation of selected regional magnetotelluric profiles]. Geologia – kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie, 33, 143–166.
Ślączka A., Kruglow S., Golonka J. Oszczypko N. & Popadyuk I., 2006. The General Geology of the Outer Carpathians, Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine. [in:] Golonka J. & Picha F. (eds.), The Carpathians and their foreland: Geology and hydrocarbon resources, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84, AAPG, 221–258.
Środa P., Czuba W., Grad M., Guterch A., Tokarski A.K., Janik T., Rauch M., Keller G.R. Hegedűs E., Vozár J. & CELEBRATION 2000 Working Group, 2006. Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Western Carpathians from CELEBRATION 2000 profiles CEL01 and CEL04: seismic models and geological implications. Geophysical Journal International, 167, 737–760.
Taner M.T. & Sheriff R.E., 1977. Application of Amplitude, Frequency, and Other Attributes to Stratigraphic and Hydrocarbon Determination. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 26, AAPG.
Wieczorek J. & Barbacki A., 1997 Przekrój geologiczny przez nieckę podhalańską i jej podłoże na podstawie danych sejsmicznych i wiertniczych; implikacje dla geotermii. Przegląd Geologiczny, 45, 7, 715–720.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
Authors have full copyright and property rights to their work. Their copyrights to store the work, duplicate it in printing (as well as in the form of a digital CD recording), to make it available in the digital form, on the Internet and putting into circulation multiplied copies of the work worldwide are unlimited.
The content of the journal is freely available according to the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)