Malacofauna of the Holocene tufa in the valley of the Ociemny Stream (Pieniny Mts., southern Poland)
Main Article Content
Keywords
calcareous tufa, malacofauna, environmental changes, Holocene, Pieniny Mountains
Abstract
A rich molluscan fauna was found in the outcrop of slope sediments and calcareous tufas in the valley of the Ociemny Stream in the Pieniny Mts. The malacological sequence identified there represents the entire Holocene, but it contains several stratigraphical gaps. From this viewpoint, it is a unique finding within the area studied. In nine samples, 11,000 specimens of 71 species of molluscs were identified. The ecological and zoogeographical diversity of the composition and structure enabled the separation of three faunistic assemblages. The oldest assemblage (with Discus ruderatus) corresponds with the cold period of the Early Holocene and represents shadowed habitats overgrown with the coniferous forests of the taiga type. Its characteristic feature is the presence of glacial relics (e.g. Vertigo genesii and Vertigo geyeri). The other younger fauna (with Discus perspectivus) is typical of the humid and warm climate of the Atlantic Phase. It is characteristic of the habitats of mixed and deciduous forests. Numerous Balkan and Mediterranean thermophilous forms appear in this assemblage. The youngest malacoenosis (with Bithynella austriaca) is typical for the historical times. The particular intervals containing molluscan fauna are separated by gaps corresponding to the erosion phases. Because of the land relief in the valley of the Ociemny Stream, which is not conducive to the development of human economy, no marked anthropogenic deforestation occurs.
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References
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Alexandrowicz S.W., 1996. Malakofauna i wiek osuwiska pod Czajakową Skałą w Wąwozie Homole. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą, 52, 45–54.
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Alexandrowicz W.P., 2015. The application of malacological analysis in the study of slope deposits: Late Pleistocene and Holocene of the Podhale Basin (Carpathians, Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, 65, 245–261.
Alexandrowicz W.P. & Rybska E., 2013. Environmental changes of intramontane basins derived from malacological analysis of profile of Calcareous tufa in Niedzica (Podhale Basin, Southern Poland). Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 8, 13–26.
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Cantonati, M., Gerecke R. & Bertuzzi E., 2006. Springs of the Alps: sensitive ecosystems to environmental change: from biodiversity assessments to long-term studies. Hydrobiologia, 562, 59–96.
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Dehm R., 1967. Die landschnecke Discus ruderatus im Postglazial Sddeutschlands. Mitteilungen der Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, 7, 135–155.
Dehm R., 1987. Die landschnecke Discus perspectivus im Postglazial Südbayerns. Mitteilungen der Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, 27, 21–30.
Füköh L., 1993. Holocene malacofaunal assemblages in Hungary. Scripta Geologica, Special Issue, 2, 121–125.
Füköh L., 1995. History of the Hungarian Holocene mollusc fauna. Geojournal, 36, 255–259.
Gedda B., 2001. Environmental and climatic aspects of the Early and Mid Holocene calcareous tufa and land mollusc fauna in southern Sweden. Lundqua Thesis, 45, 1–50.
Gedda B., 2006. Terrestrial mollusc succession and stratigraphy of a Holocene calcareous tufa deposit from the Fyledalen valley, southern Sweden. The Holocene, 16, 137–147.
Goudie A.S, Viles H.A. & Pentecost A., 1993. The late-Holocene tufa decline in Europe. The Holocene, 3, 181–186.
Georgopoulou E., Neubauer T.A., Strona G., Kroh A., Mandic O. & Harzhauser M., 2016. Beginning of a new age: How did freshwater gastropods respond to the Quaternary climate change in Europe? Quaternary Science Reviews, 149, 269–278.
Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T. & Ryan P.D., 2001. Past: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica, 4, 1–9.
Horáčková J., Ložek V. & Juřičková L., 2015. List of malacologically treated Holocene sites with brief review of palaeomalacological research in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Quaternary International, 357, 207–211.
Horsák M. & Hájek M., 2003. Composition and species richness of molluscan communities in relation to vegetation and water chemistry in the Western Carpathian spring fans: the poor-rich gradient. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 69, 349–357.
Horsák M., Hájek M., Dítě D. & Tichy L., 2006. Modern distribution patterns of snails and plants in the western Carpathian spring fens: is it a result of historical development? Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 53–60.
Jäger K.D. & Ložek V., 1968. Beobachtungen zur Geschichte der Karbonatdynamik in der Holozän Warmzeit. Československy Kras, 19, 7–20.
Juřičková L., Horsák M., Horáčková J., Abrhám V. & Ložek V., 2014. Pattern of land-snail succession in Central Europe over the 15,000 years: Man changes along environmental, spatial and temporal gradients. Quaternary Science Reviews, 93, 155 –166.
Ložek V., 1964. Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. Rozpravy Ustředniho Ustavu Geologického, 31, 1–374.
Limondin-Lozouet N., 1992. Biogéographie Holocène de Vertiginidae (mollusca: gastropoda) Européens: relations la dernière déglaciation. Compest Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 315, 1281–1287.
Limondin-Lozouet N., 2011. Successions malacologiques à la chamière Glaciaire/Interglaciaire: du modèle Tardiglaciaire-Holocene aux transitions du Pleistocène. Quaternarie, 22, 211–220.
Limondin-Lozouet N. & Preece R.C., 2004. Molluscan successions from the Holocene tufa of St Germain-le-Vasson, Normandy (France) and their biogeographical significance. Journal of Quaternary Science, 19, 55–71.
Margielewski W., 1998. Landslide phases in the Polish Outer Carpathians and their relation to climatic changes in the Late Glacial and the Holocene. Quaternary Studies in Poland, 15, 37–53.
Meyrick R.A., 2002. Holocene molluscan faunal history and environmental change at Kloster Mühle, Rheinland-Pfalz, western Germany. Journal of Quaternary Science, 18, 121–132.
Morisita M., 1959. Measuring of interspecific association and similarity between communities. Memories of the Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, E, 3, 65–80.
Obidowicz A., 1990. Eine pollenanalytische und moorkundlische Studie zur Vegetationgeschichte des Podhale-Gebietes (West-Karpaten). Acta Palaeobotanica, 30, 147–219.
Pazdur A., Pazdur M.F. & Szulc J., 1988a. Radiocarbon dating of Holocene calcareous tufa from south Poland. Radiocarbon, 30, 133–146.
Pazdur A., Pazdur M.F., Starkel L. & Szulc J., 1988b. Stable isotopes of the Holocene calcareous tufa in southern Poland as palaeoclimatic indicators. Quaternary Research, 30, 177–189.
Pedley H.M., 1990. Classification and environmental models of cool freshwater tufas. Sedimentary Geology, 68, 143–154.
Pedley H.M., 2009. Tufas and travertines of the Mediterranean region: a testing ground for freshwater carbonate concepts and developments. Sedimentology, 56, 221–246.
Pentecost A., 1995. The Quaternary travertine deposits of Europe and Asia Minor. Quaternary Science Reviews, 14, 1005–1028.
Pielou E.C., 1975. Ecological diversity. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Pokryszko B., 1991. The Vertiginidae of Poland ( Gastropoda : Pulmonata : Pupillidae) – a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici, 43, 8, 133–257.
Preece R.C. & Day S.P., 1994. Comparison of Post-glacial molluscan and vegetational successions from a radiocarbon-dated tufa sequence in Oxfordshire. Journal of Biogeography, 21, 463–468.
Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M. & Starkel L., 1988. Record of the hydrological changes during the Holocene in the lake, mire and f luvial deposits of Poland. Folia Quaternaria, 57, 91–127.
Schenkova V. & Horsák M., 2013. Refugial populations of Vertigo lilljeborgi and V. genesii (Vertiginidae ): new isolated occurrences in Central Europe, ecology and distribution. American Malacological Bulletin, 31, 323–329.
Schenková V., Horsák M., Plesková Z. & Pawlikowski P., 2012. Habitat preferences and conservation of Vertigo geyeri (Gastropoda : Pulmonata) in Slovakia and Poland. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78, 105–111.
Shannon C. E. & Weaver W., 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Starkel L., 1977. Paleogeografia holocenu. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.
Starkel L., 1986. Holocene climatic changes reflected in the slope and valley floor evolution in European mountains. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 20, 49–57.
Starkel L., Soja R. & Michczyńska D.J., 2006. Past hydrological events reflected in Holocene history of Polish Rivers. Catena, 66, 24–33.
Sümegi P. & Krolopp E., 2002. Quatermalacological analyses for modeling of the Upper Weichselian palaeoenvironmental changes in the Carpathian Basin. Quaternary International, 91, 53–63.
Žak K., Ložek V., Kadlec J., Hladikova J. & Cilek V., 2002. Climate-inducted changes in Holocene calcareous tufa formations, Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic. Quaternary International, 91, 137–152.
Alexandrowicz S.W., 1996. Malakofauna i wiek osuwiska pod Czajakową Skałą w Wąwozie Homole. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą, 52, 45–54.
Alexandrowicz S.W., 1997. Holocene dated landslides in the Polish Carpathians. [in:] Frenzel B. (ed.), Rapid mass movement as a source of climatic evidence for the Holocene, Palaeoclimate Research, 19, 75–83, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Studgart – Jena – Lübeck – Ulm.
Alexandrowicz S.W. & Alexandrowicz W.P., 2011. Analiza malakologiczna. Metody badań i interpretacji. Rozprawy Wydziału Przyrodniczego PAU, 3, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków.
Alexandrowicz S.W. & Alexandrowicz Z., 1999. Recurrent Holocene landslides: a case study of the Krynica landslide in the Polish Carpathians. The Holocene, 9, 91–99.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 1997. Malakofauna osadów czwartorzędowych i zmiany środowiska naturalnego Podhala w młodszym vistulianie i holocenie. Folia Quaternaria, 68, 7–132.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2001. Late Vistulian and Holocene molluscan assemblages from calcareous tufa at Ostrysz Hill (Podhale Basin). Folia Malacologica, 9, 159–169.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2003. Odsłonięcie martwic wapiennych w Gliczarowie na Podhalu. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą, 59, 17–32.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2004. Molluscan assemblages of Late Glacial and Holocene calcareous tufas in Southern Poland. Folia Quaternaria, 75, 1–309.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2009. Malakofauna górnoholoceńskich martwic wapiennych w Beskidach Zachodnich (południowa Polska). Geologia: kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie, 35, 175–200.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2010. Molluscan assemblages of recent calcareous tufas in the Podhale Basin and Pieniny Mts (S. Poland). Folia Malacologica, 18, 99–112.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2013a. Molluscan communities in Late Holocene f luvial deposits as an indicator of human activity: A study in Podhale basin in South Poland. Ekologia (Bratislava), 32, 111–125.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2013b. Malacological sequence from profile of calcareous tufa in Groń (Podhale Basin, southern Poland) as an indicator of the Late Glacial/Holocene boundary. Quaternary International, 293, 196–206.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2013c. Molluscan assemblages in the deposits of landslide dammed lakes as indicators of late Holocene mass movements in the Polish Carpathians. Geomorphology, 180 –181, 10 –23.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2014. Molluscan assemblages in Late Holocene tufa cones in the Pieniny Mountains (southern Poland). Geological Quarterly, 58, 269–280.
Alexandrowicz W.P., 2015. The application of malacological analysis in the study of slope deposits: Late Pleistocene and Holocene of the Podhale Basin (Carpathians, Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, 65, 245–261.
Alexandrowicz W.P. & Rybska E., 2013. Environmental changes of intramontane basins derived from malacological analysis of profile of Calcareous tufa in Niedzica (Podhale Basin, Southern Poland). Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 8, 13–26.
Alexandrowicz W.P., Szymanek M. & Rybska E., 2014. Changes to the environment of intramontane basins in the light of malacological research of calcareous tufa: Podhale Basin (Carpathians, Southern Poland). Quaternary International, 353, 250–265.
Alexandrowicz W.P., Szymanek M. & Rybska E., 2016. Molluscan assemblages from Holocene calcareous tufa and their significance for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. A study in the Pieniny Mountains (Carpathians, southern Poland). Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 11, 37–54.
Birkenmajer K., 1977. Jurassic and Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Studia Geologica Polonica, 45, 1–158.
Cantonati, M., Gerecke R. & Bertuzzi E., 2006. Springs of the Alps: sensitive ecosystems to environmental change: from biodiversity assessments to long-term studies. Hydrobiologia, 562, 59–96.
Chafetz H.S. & Folk R.L., 1984. Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially controlled constituents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 289–316.
Dehm R., 1967. Die landschnecke Discus ruderatus im Postglazial Sddeutschlands. Mitteilungen der Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, 7, 135–155.
Dehm R., 1987. Die landschnecke Discus perspectivus im Postglazial Südbayerns. Mitteilungen der Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, 27, 21–30.
Füköh L., 1993. Holocene malacofaunal assemblages in Hungary. Scripta Geologica, Special Issue, 2, 121–125.
Füköh L., 1995. History of the Hungarian Holocene mollusc fauna. Geojournal, 36, 255–259.
Gedda B., 2001. Environmental and climatic aspects of the Early and Mid Holocene calcareous tufa and land mollusc fauna in southern Sweden. Lundqua Thesis, 45, 1–50.
Gedda B., 2006. Terrestrial mollusc succession and stratigraphy of a Holocene calcareous tufa deposit from the Fyledalen valley, southern Sweden. The Holocene, 16, 137–147.
Goudie A.S, Viles H.A. & Pentecost A., 1993. The late-Holocene tufa decline in Europe. The Holocene, 3, 181–186.
Georgopoulou E., Neubauer T.A., Strona G., Kroh A., Mandic O. & Harzhauser M., 2016. Beginning of a new age: How did freshwater gastropods respond to the Quaternary climate change in Europe? Quaternary Science Reviews, 149, 269–278.
Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T. & Ryan P.D., 2001. Past: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica, 4, 1–9.
Horáčková J., Ložek V. & Juřičková L., 2015. List of malacologically treated Holocene sites with brief review of palaeomalacological research in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Quaternary International, 357, 207–211.
Horsák M. & Hájek M., 2003. Composition and species richness of molluscan communities in relation to vegetation and water chemistry in the Western Carpathian spring fans: the poor-rich gradient. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 69, 349–357.
Horsák M., Hájek M., Dítě D. & Tichy L., 2006. Modern distribution patterns of snails and plants in the western Carpathian spring fens: is it a result of historical development? Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 53–60.
Jäger K.D. & Ložek V., 1968. Beobachtungen zur Geschichte der Karbonatdynamik in der Holozän Warmzeit. Československy Kras, 19, 7–20.
Juřičková L., Horsák M., Horáčková J., Abrhám V. & Ložek V., 2014. Pattern of land-snail succession in Central Europe over the 15,000 years: Man changes along environmental, spatial and temporal gradients. Quaternary Science Reviews, 93, 155 –166.
Ložek V., 1964. Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. Rozpravy Ustředniho Ustavu Geologického, 31, 1–374.
Limondin-Lozouet N., 1992. Biogéographie Holocène de Vertiginidae (mollusca: gastropoda) Européens: relations la dernière déglaciation. Compest Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 315, 1281–1287.
Limondin-Lozouet N., 2011. Successions malacologiques à la chamière Glaciaire/Interglaciaire: du modèle Tardiglaciaire-Holocene aux transitions du Pleistocène. Quaternarie, 22, 211–220.
Limondin-Lozouet N. & Preece R.C., 2004. Molluscan successions from the Holocene tufa of St Germain-le-Vasson, Normandy (France) and their biogeographical significance. Journal of Quaternary Science, 19, 55–71.
Margielewski W., 1998. Landslide phases in the Polish Outer Carpathians and their relation to climatic changes in the Late Glacial and the Holocene. Quaternary Studies in Poland, 15, 37–53.
Meyrick R.A., 2002. Holocene molluscan faunal history and environmental change at Kloster Mühle, Rheinland-Pfalz, western Germany. Journal of Quaternary Science, 18, 121–132.
Morisita M., 1959. Measuring of interspecific association and similarity between communities. Memories of the Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, E, 3, 65–80.
Obidowicz A., 1990. Eine pollenanalytische und moorkundlische Studie zur Vegetationgeschichte des Podhale-Gebietes (West-Karpaten). Acta Palaeobotanica, 30, 147–219.
Pazdur A., Pazdur M.F. & Szulc J., 1988a. Radiocarbon dating of Holocene calcareous tufa from south Poland. Radiocarbon, 30, 133–146.
Pazdur A., Pazdur M.F., Starkel L. & Szulc J., 1988b. Stable isotopes of the Holocene calcareous tufa in southern Poland as palaeoclimatic indicators. Quaternary Research, 30, 177–189.
Pedley H.M., 1990. Classification and environmental models of cool freshwater tufas. Sedimentary Geology, 68, 143–154.
Pedley H.M., 2009. Tufas and travertines of the Mediterranean region: a testing ground for freshwater carbonate concepts and developments. Sedimentology, 56, 221–246.
Pentecost A., 1995. The Quaternary travertine deposits of Europe and Asia Minor. Quaternary Science Reviews, 14, 1005–1028.
Pielou E.C., 1975. Ecological diversity. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Pokryszko B., 1991. The Vertiginidae of Poland ( Gastropoda : Pulmonata : Pupillidae) – a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici, 43, 8, 133–257.
Preece R.C. & Day S.P., 1994. Comparison of Post-glacial molluscan and vegetational successions from a radiocarbon-dated tufa sequence in Oxfordshire. Journal of Biogeography, 21, 463–468.
Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M. & Starkel L., 1988. Record of the hydrological changes during the Holocene in the lake, mire and f luvial deposits of Poland. Folia Quaternaria, 57, 91–127.
Schenkova V. & Horsák M., 2013. Refugial populations of Vertigo lilljeborgi and V. genesii (Vertiginidae ): new isolated occurrences in Central Europe, ecology and distribution. American Malacological Bulletin, 31, 323–329.
Schenková V., Horsák M., Plesková Z. & Pawlikowski P., 2012. Habitat preferences and conservation of Vertigo geyeri (Gastropoda : Pulmonata) in Slovakia and Poland. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78, 105–111.
Shannon C. E. & Weaver W., 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Starkel L., 1977. Paleogeografia holocenu. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.
Starkel L., 1986. Holocene climatic changes reflected in the slope and valley floor evolution in European mountains. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 20, 49–57.
Starkel L., Soja R. & Michczyńska D.J., 2006. Past hydrological events reflected in Holocene history of Polish Rivers. Catena, 66, 24–33.
Sümegi P. & Krolopp E., 2002. Quatermalacological analyses for modeling of the Upper Weichselian palaeoenvironmental changes in the Carpathian Basin. Quaternary International, 91, 53–63.
Žak K., Ložek V., Kadlec J., Hladikova J. & Cilek V., 2002. Climate-inducted changes in Holocene calcareous tufa formations, Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic. Quaternary International, 91, 137–152.
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Jul 26, 2017
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Alexandrowicz, W. P. (2017). Malacofauna of the Holocene tufa in the valley of the Ociemny Stream (Pieniny Mts., southern Poland). Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 43(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2017.43.1.5
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