Principles of the transient electromagnetic method and possibilities of its application to oil and gas exploration
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Keywords
transient electromagnetic method, TDEM, high-resistivity layer, penetration depth, oil and gas exploration
Abstract
This paper describes the principles of the transient electromagnetic method (time- domain electromagnetic method, TDEM) as well as TDEM measurement systems, data processing and 1D data interpretation techniques. The paper discusses also some problems of resolution and penetration depth of the method. We calculated and discussed TDEM sounding curves for three-layer geoelectric models, which consisted of a high-resistivity middle layer and low-resistivity upper and lower layers. The calculated curves were analysed from a viewpoint of a possible mapping of high-resistivity structures that could be hydrocarbon-prospective areas. The application of TDEM sounding to oil and gas exploration was evaluated.
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References
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Barrocu G. & Ranieri G., 2000. TDEM: A Useful Tool for Identyfiying and Monitoring the Fresh-saltwater Interface. 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Międzyzdroje, Poland, 12–15 June 2000, 1–7.
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Krivochieva S. & Chouteau M., 2001. Improvement in 1D TDEM Interpretation by Simultaneous Inversion of Data from Two Loop Configurations. JEEG, 6, 1, 19–32.
Krivochieva S. & Chouteau M., 2003. Integrating TDEM and MT methods for characterization and delineation of the Santa Catarina aquifer (Chalco sub-Basin, Mexico). Journal of Applied Geophysics, 53, 1, 23–43.
Levenberg K., 1944. A method for the solution of certain nonlinear problems in least squares. The Quartely of Applied Mathematics, 2, 164–168.
Manzella A., Volpi G., Zaja A. & Meju M., 2004. Combined TEM-MT investigation of shallow-depth resistivity structure of Mt Somma-Vesuvius. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 131, 19–32.
Marquardt D.W., 1963. An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics, 11, 431–441.
Maxwell A. Meju, 1996. Joint inversion of TEM and distorted MT soundings: Some effective practical considerations. Geophysics, 61, 1, 56–65.
Papadopoulos P., Tsourlos P., Karmis G., Vargemezis G. & Tsokas G.N., 2004. A TDEM survey to define local hydrogeological structure in Anthemountas Basin, N. Greece. Journal of Balkani Geophysical Society, 7, 1, 1–11.
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Zonge K.L., 1992. Introduction to TEM. W: Van Blaricom R. (Ed.), Practical Geophysics II for the Exploration Geologist, Northwest Mining Association, Spokane, USA, 1–7.
Barrocu G. & Ranieri G., 2000. TDEM: A Useful Tool for Identyfiying and Monitoring the Fresh-saltwater Interface. 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Międzyzdroje, Poland, 12–15 June 2000, 1–7.
Chouteau M., Philips G. & Prugger A., 1997. Mapping and Monitoring Softrock Mining. Fourth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration edited by A.G. Gubins, 927–940.
Constable S.C., Parker R.L. & Constable C.G., 1987. Occam’s inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data. Geophysics, 52, 3, 289–300.
Kaufman A.A. & Keller G.V., 1983. Frequency and Transient Soundings. W: Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics, 16, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Keller G.V., James I., Pritchard J.I., Jacobsons J.J. & Harthill N., 1984. Megasource time-domain electromagnetic sounding methods. Geophysics, 49, 7, 993–1009.
Keller G.V., 1997. Principles of time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) sounding. The Leading Edge, 16, 4, 355–357.
Klityński W. & Miecznik J., 1998. Kartowanie podłoża wysokooporowego metodą procesów przejściowych. Nafta – Gaz, 1, 1–9.
Krivochieva S. & Chouteau M., 2001. Improvement in 1D TDEM Interpretation by Simultaneous Inversion of Data from Two Loop Configurations. JEEG, 6, 1, 19–32.
Krivochieva S. & Chouteau M., 2003. Integrating TDEM and MT methods for characterization and delineation of the Santa Catarina aquifer (Chalco sub-Basin, Mexico). Journal of Applied Geophysics, 53, 1, 23–43.
Levenberg K., 1944. A method for the solution of certain nonlinear problems in least squares. The Quartely of Applied Mathematics, 2, 164–168.
Manzella A., Volpi G., Zaja A. & Meju M., 2004. Combined TEM-MT investigation of shallow-depth resistivity structure of Mt Somma-Vesuvius. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 131, 19–32.
Marquardt D.W., 1963. An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics, 11, 431–441.
Maxwell A. Meju, 1996. Joint inversion of TEM and distorted MT soundings: Some effective practical considerations. Geophysics, 61, 1, 56–65.
Papadopoulos P., Tsourlos P., Karmis G., Vargemezis G. & Tsokas G.N., 2004. A TDEM survey to define local hydrogeological structure in Anthemountas Basin, N. Greece. Journal of Balkani Geophysical Society, 7, 1, 1–11.
Phoenix Geophysics Limited, 2006. System 2000.net User Guide, Version 3.0.
Spies B.R., 1989. Depth of investigation in electromagnetic sounding methods. Geophysics, 54, 7, 872–888.
Tasci M.T. & Zordan J.M., 2009. Case Histories Using the Time Domain Electromagnetic Sounding Method in Oil and Gas Exploration. StrataSearch Corporation, Golden, CO, [on-line:] http://www.stratasearchcorp.com/case-hist.htm (dostęp: 20.01.2009).
Zonge K.L., 1992. Introduction to TEM. W: Van Blaricom R. (Ed.), Practical Geophysics II for the Exploration Geologist, Northwest Mining Association, Spokane, USA, 1–7.
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Published
Jan 1, 2011
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KLITYŃSKI, W., & TARGOSZ, P. (2011). Principles of the transient electromagnetic method and possibilities of its application to oil and gas exploration. Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 37(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2011.37.1.89
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