Potential effect of pH on the leaching of heavy metals from sediments of the Carpathian dam reservoirs
Main Article Content
Keywords
Abstract
Eutrophication processes occurring in the Carpathian dam reservoirs (southern Poland) has resulted in a drastic increase of incidences of decrease of pH and oxygen content in near-bottom water, which may affect metal remobilization from the sediment. The study is aimed to determine the buffer capacity and effects of lowering of pH on remobilization of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) from sediments of the Dobczycki Reservoir (DR), the Czorsztyński Reservoir (CR), and the Rożnowski Reservoir (RR), the right side tributary of the Vistula River. Buffering capacity and the leaching of heavy metals from sediments accompanied with an increase in acidity were analyzed in 0-0.24M solutions of HNO3. Studied sediments had a good buffer capacity. Buffer capacity of sediments at studied sites of the DR and CR were different due to varied sediment composition. The reservoir sediments had a varied ability to release the metals with increasing acidity. At pH ~ 5 and pH ~ 3, a considerable leaching of Mn (up to 60% and 85% of the total amount, respectively), Cd (up to 35% and 56% respectively), Pb (up to 25% and 39), the lower leaching of Cu (up to 18% and 30%) and Zn (up to 14% and 20%) and slight one of Fe (below 5%) were found. The lowering pH of the water- sediment system caused by eutrophication processes may affect the mobilization of certain heavy metals (mainly Mn, Cd and Pb) from the sediment into the water column of studied Carpathian reservoirs.
Downloads
References
Aleksander-Kwaterczak U., 2007. Rozmieszczenie metali śladowych w rdzeniach osadów wybranych rzek Polski. Wyd. AGH, Kraków.
Alexandrowicz Z. & Poprawa D., 2000. Ochrona georóżnorodności w polskich Karpatach z mapą chronionych i proponowanych do ochrony obszarów i obiektów przyrody nieożywionej 1:400 000. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warszawa [with English summary].
Baran A., Tarnawski M. & Kaczmarski M., 2001. Assessment of agricultural utilization of bottom sediments from the Besko Reservoir. Czasopismo Techniczne. Chemia, 1-Ch, 8,108,3-11.
Birkenmajer K., 1977. Jurassic and Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Carpathians, Poland. Series: Studia Geologica Polonica, 45, Wydaw. Geologiczne, Warszawa.
Birkenmajer K. & Oszczypko N., 1989. Cretaceous and Palaeogene lithostratigraphic units of the Magura Nappe, Krynica Subunit, Carpathians. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 59, 145-181.
Buykx S.E.J., Bleijenberg M., van den Hoop M.A.G.T. & Loch J.P.G., 2000. The effect of oxidation and acidification on the speciation of heavy metals in sulfide-rich freshwater sediments using a sequential extraction procedure. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2, 23-27.
Calmano W. & Forstner U., 1983. Chemical extraction of heavy metals in polluted river sediments in central Europe. Science of the Total Environment, 28, 77-90.
Calmano W., Forstner U., Kerstner M. & Krause D., 1986. Behavior of dredged mud after stabilization with different additivies. [in:] Assink J.W. & van den Brink W.J. (eds), Contaminated Soil, Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 737-746.
Calmano W., von der Kammer F. & Schwartz R., 2005. Characterization of redox conditions in soils and sediments: heavy metals, [in:] Lens P., Grotenhuis T., Malina G. & Tabak H. (eds), Soil and Sediment Remediation: Mechanisms, Technologies and Applications, IWA Publishing, London, 102-120.
Cappuyns V. & Swennen R., 2005. Kinetics of element release during combined oxidation and pH stat leaching of anoxic river sediments. Applied Geochemistry, 20, 1169-1179.
Fytianos K. & Lourantou A. 2004. Speciation of elements in sediment samples collected at lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece. Environment International, 30, 11-17.
Gruca-Rokosz R., Bartoszek L. & Tomaszek J.A., 2004. Heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Solina Reservoir. Environment Protection Engineering, 30, 45-50.
Helios-Rybicka E., Sikora W.S., Wójcik R., Wardas M., Strzebońska M., Adamiec E. & Łagan Ł., 2000. Ocena zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi osadów dennych górnej i środkowej Odry. Gospodarka Wodna, 8, 300-304.
Horowitz A.J., 1991. A Primer on Sediment-Trace Element Chemistry. 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers, Michigan.
Korfali S.I., Jurdi M. & Davies B.E., 2006. Variation of metals in bed sediments of Quaraaoun Reservoir, Lebanon. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 115, 307-319.
Kurek S., Misztal A. & Pawlik-Dobrowolski J., 1993. Środowisko przyrodnicze jako czynnik kształtujący odpływ i skład chemiczny wód w zlewni Raby. [in:] Zlewnia Raby jako obszar alimentacji wód i zanieczyszczeń dla zbiornika retencyjnego w Dobczycach. Series: Monografia - Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 145, Politechnika Krakowska, Kraków, 13-33.
Kroupiene J., 2007. Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Nemunas River (Lithuania). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16, 715-722.
Lexa J., Bezak V., Elecko M., Mello J., Polak M., Potfaj M. & Vozar J. (eds), 2000. Geological Map of Western Carpathians and Adjacent Areas 1:500 000. Geological Survey of Slovak Republica, Bratislava.
Lopez D.L., Gierlowski-Kordesch E. & Hollenkamp C., 2010. Geochemical mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in a lake affected by acid mine drainage: Lake Hope, Vinton County, Ohio. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 213, 27-45.
Malata T., 2008. Development of Polish Flysch Carpathians revealed in outcrops and landscape. Przegląd Geologiczny, 56, 8/1, 688-691.
Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G., 2002. Czynniki kształtujące procesy eutrofizacyjne w podgórskich zbiornikach zaporowych. Supplementa ad Acta Hydrobiologica, 2, 1-68
Mrozek T., Kurek S. & Pawlik-Dobrowolski J., 1993. Wielkość i dynamika odpływu wody z bezpośrednich zlewni zbiornika retencyjnego w Dobczycach. [in:] Zlewnia Raby jako obszar alimentacji wód i zanieczyszczeń dla zbiornika retencyjnego w Dobczycach. Series: Monografia - Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 145, Politechnika Krakowska, Kraków,171-194.
Munk L. & Faure G., 2004. Effects of pH fluctuations on potentially toxic metals in the water and sediment of the Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado. Applied Geochemistry, 19, 1065-1074.
Ostrowska A., Gawliński S. & Szczubiałka Z., 1991. Metody analizy i oceny właściwości gleb i roślin: katalog. Instytut Ochrony Środowiska, Warszawa.
Poprawa D. & Nemcok J., 1989. Geological Atlas of the Western Outer Carpathians and their Foreland: Scale 1:500 000. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warszawa.
Rajchel L. & Rajchel J., 2004. Carbonated waters of the Polish Carpathians. ITALIA 2004: 32nd international geological congress: Florence-Italy, August 20-28, 2004.
Rybosz-Masłowska S., Moraczewska-Majkut K. & Krajewska J., 2000. Heavy metals in water and bottom sediments of the Kozłowa Góra water reservoir, Upper Silesia. Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska, 26, 127-140.
Salomons W. & Baccini P., 1986. Chemical species and metal transport in lakes, [in:] Bernhard M., Brinckman F.E. & Sadler P.J. (eds), The importance of chemical "speciation" in environmental processes, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 193-216.
Szarek-Gwiazda E., 2013. Czynniki kształtujące stężenia metali ciężkich w rzece Rabie i niektórych karpackich zbiornikach zaporowych. Series: Studia Naturae, 60, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków.
Szarek-Gwiazda E. & Sadowska I. 2010. Distribution of grain size and organic matter content in sediments of submontane dam reservoir. Environment Protection Engineering, 36, 113-124.
Thornton W.K., 1990. Perspectives on reservoir limnology, [in:] Thornton K.W., Kimmel B.L. & Payne F.E. (eds), Reservoir Limnology: Ecological Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1-13.
Todorovic Z., Polic P. & Djordjevic D., 2001. Dominant cadmium substrates in sediments of "Barje" lake (Leskovac, Yugoslavia). Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia, 20, 67-76.
Wilk-Woźniak E. & Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G., 2003. The autumn dominance of cyanoprokaryotes in a deep meso-eutrophic submontane reservoir. Biologia, 58, 17-24.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
Authors have full copyright and property rights to their work. Their copyrights to store the work, duplicate it in printing (as well as in the form of a digital CD recording), to make it available in the digital form, on the Internet and putting into circulation multiplied copies of the work worldwide are unlimited.
The content of the journal is freely available according to the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)